Allied Telesis AT-A16 Bedienungsanleitung Seite 11
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Switching 3-11
Software Release 2.6.4
C613-03081-00 REV A
Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs)
A Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a logical, software-defined subnetwork. It allows
similar devices on the network to be grouped together into one broadcast
domain, irrespective of their physical position in the network. Multiple VLANs
can be used to group workstations, servers, stacks, and other network
equipment connected to the switch, according to similar data and security
requirements.
Decoupling logical broadcast domains from the physical wiring topology
offers several advantages, including the ability to:
■ Move devices and people with minimal, or no, reconfiguration
■ Change a device’s broadcast domain and access to resources without
physically moving the device, by software reconfiguration or by moving its
cable from one switch port to another
■ Isolate parts of the network from other parts by placing them in different
VLANs
■ Share servers and other network resources without losing data isolation or
security
■ Direct broadcast traffic to only those devices that need to receive it thereby
reducing traffic across the network
■ Connect 802.1q-compatible switches together through one port on each
switch
Devices that are members of the same VLAN exchange data with each other
through the switch’s switching capabilities. To exchange data between devices
in separate VLANs, the switch’s routing capabilities are used. The switch
passes VLAN status information, indicating whether a VLAN is up or down, to
the Internet Protocol (IP) module. IP uses this information to determine route
availability.
The switch has a maximum of 255 VLANs, ranging from a VLAN identifier
(VID) of 1 to 4094.
When the switch is first powered up, a “default” VLAN is created and all ports
are added to it. In this initial unconfigured state, the switch broadcasts all the
packets it receives to the default VLAN. This VLAN has a VID of 1 and an
interface name of vlan1. It cannot be deleted, and ports can be removed from it
only when they also belong to at least one other VLAN. When all devices on
the physical LAN belong to the same logical LAN (same broadcast domain),
the default settings are acceptable and no additional VLAN configuration is
necessary.
VLAN Tagging
An Ethernet packet can contain a VLAN tag with fields that specify VLAN
membership and user priority. The VLAN tag is described in IEEE Standard
802.3ac, and is four octets that can be inserted between the Source Address and
the Type/Length fields in the Ethernet packet (Figure 3-1 on page 3-12). To
accommodate the tag, IEEE 802.3ac also increased the maximum allowable
length for an Ethernet frame to 1522 octets (the minimum size is 64 octets).
IEEE 802.1q specifies how the data in the VLAN tag switches frames.
VLAN-aware devices are able to add the VLAN tag to the packet header.
VLAN-unaware devices cannot set or read the VLAN tag.
- Switching 1
- Switching 3-3 3
- Introduction 4
- Switch Ports 5
- Port trunking 7
- Packet storm protection 8
- Port mirroring 9
- Port security 10
- VLAN Tagging 11
- Switching 3-13 13
- Training VLAN 15
- Marketing VLAN 15
- Creating VLANs 16
- Summary of VLAN tagging rules 17
- Static and dynamic VLANs 17
- VLAN Relaying 18
- Configuring VLAN relaying 20
- The Layer 2 Switching Process 21
- The Learning Process 22
- The Forwarding Process 23
- Quality of Service 23
- Layer 2 Filtering 24
- Spanning Tree Protocol 25
- Spanning Tree modes 27
- Tree instances 30
- Configuring STP 30
- Switching 3-31 31
- [MAXAGE=6..40] 31
- Hardware Packet Filters 34
- Layer 3 Filter Matches 36
- Layer 3 Filter Entries 37
- Access Control Lists (ACLs) 38
- Triggers 39
- Configuration Examples 40
- Switching 3-41 41
- Command Reference 49
- ACTIVATE SWITCH PORT 49
- ADD STP VLAN 50
- ADD SWITCH FILTER 51
- ACTION=FORWARD PORT=3 52
- ACTION=DISCARD VLAN=4 52
- ADD SWITCH L3FILTER ENTRY 55
- ADD SWITCH L3FILTER MATCH 58
- ADD SWITCH TRUNK 60
- ADD VLAN PORT 61
- ADD VLANRELAY 62
- CREATE STP 63
- CREATE SWITCH TRUNK 63
- CREATE VLAN 65
- CREATE VLANRELAY 66
- DELETE STP VLAN 66
- DELETE SWITCH FILTER 67
- DELETE SWITCH L3FILTER 68
- DELETE SWITCH L3FILTER ENTRY 69
- DELETE SWITCH TRUNK 69
- DELETE VLAN PORT 70
- DELETE VLANRELAY 71
- DESTROY STP 72
- DESTROY SWITCH TRUNK 72
- DESTROY VLANRELAY 74
- DISABLE STP 74
- DISABLE STP DEBUG 75
- DISABLE STP PORT 76
- DISABLE SWITCH AGEINGTIMER 77
- DISABLE SWITCH DEBUG 78
- DISABLE SWITCH HWFILTER 78
- DISABLE SWITCH LEARNING 79
- DISABLE SWITCH L3FILTER 79
- DISABLE SWITCH MIRROR 80
- DISABLE SWITCH PORT 80
- DISABLE VLAN DEBUG 81
- DISABLE VLANRELAY 81
- DISABLE VLANRELAY DEBUG 82
- ENABLE STP 82
- ENABLE STP DEBUG 83
- ENABLE STP PORT 85
- ENABLE SWITCH AGEINGTIMER 86
- ENABLE SWITCH BIST 86
- ENABLE SWITCH DEBUG 87
- ENABLE SWITCH HWFILTER 88
- ENABLE SWITCH L3FILTER 88
- ENABLE SWITCH LEARNING 88
- ENABLE SWITCH MIRROR 89
- ENABLE SWITCH PORT 89
- ENABLE VLAN DEBUG 90
- ENABLE VLANRELAY 91
- ENABLE VLANRELAY DEBUG 91
- PURGE STP 92
- RESET STP 92
- RESET SWITCH 93
- RESET SWITCH PORT 93
- SET STP PORT 96
- SET SWITCH AGEINGTIMER 100
- Software Release 2.6.4 101
- C613-03081-00 REV A 101
- SET SWITCH L3AGEINGTIMER 102
- SET SWITCH L3FILTER ENTRY 103
- SET SWITCH L3FILTER MATCH 106
- SET SWITCH MIRROR 108
- SET SWITCH PORT 109
- SET SWITCH QOS 113
- SET SWITCH TRUNK 115
- SET VLAN PORT 116
- SHOW STP 117
- SHOW STP COUNTER 121
- Related Commands RESET STP 122
- SHOW STP PORT 122
- SHOW STP DEBUG 123
- SHOW SWITCH 127
- SHOW SWITCH COUNTER 128
- SHOW SWITCH DEBUG 130
- SHOW SWITCH FDB 131
- SHOW SWITCH FILTER 133
- SHOW SWITCH HWFILTER 136
- SHOW SWITCH L3FILTER 138
- SHOW SWITCH PORT 140
- SHOW SWITCH PORT COUNTER 143
- SHOW SWITCH PORT INTRUSION 147
- SHOW SWITCH QOS 148
- SHOW SWITCH TRUNK 149
- SHOW VLAN 150
- Related Commands CREATE VLAN 151
- DESTROY VLAN 151
- SHOW VLAN DEBUG 152
- SHOW VLANRELAY 153
- SHOW VLANRELAY=SNARelay 154
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